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Visual Spectrum Distribution of Poultry Eyes
Characteristics of Poultry Vision
Poultry vision differs fundamentally from human vision. Poultry eyes are sensitive to light within the wavelength range of 350–750 nm, with distinct response peaks in the near-ultraviolet, blue, green, and red spectral bands.
Lighting not only affects visual perception but also directly influences endocrine and physiological functions through the hypothalamus and pineal gland, thereby regulating growth, reproduction, and behavior.
Impact of Spectrum - Ultraviolet Light (350–400 nm)
Function:
Activates vitamin D₃ synthesis and promotes eggshell calcification, increasing shell thickness by approximately 0.05 mm.
Application:
During the laying period, 1 hour of daily UV exposure can reduce the incidence of soft-shelled eggs to 0.5%.
Impact of Spectrum - Blue Light (480–490 nm)
Function:
Suppresses adrenocortical hormone secretion, reducing stress responses; escape behavior during catching is reduced by 70%.
Application:
For broilers, a pure blue-light environment during the final 3 days before market improves meat tenderness by approximately 15%.
Impact of Spectrum - Green Light (530–550 nm)
Function:
Stimulates the proliferation of skeletal muscle satellite cells, increasing tibial length in chicks by 8%.
Application:
During the first two weeks of brooding, green-dominant lighting (18 h/day) can increase weight gain rate by 12%.
Impact of Spectrum - Red Light (660–680 nm)
Function:
Stimulates the hypothalamic feeding center, increasing average daily feed intake by 20%.
Application:
During the breeding period of breeder chickens, red-light exposure (6 h/day) can increase fertilization rates to 92%.
Four Key Benefits of Scientific Lighting in Broiler Production
1. Improved Growth Performance and Feed Efficiency
Scientific lighting significantly increases daily weight gain and feed intake in broilers. Optimized lighting strategies (e.g., intermittent lighting or warm white light) enhance nutrient digestion and reduce the feed conversion ratio (FCR).
2. Significant Reduction in Feather Pecking
Warm white lighting effectively reduces feather pecking behavior and feather damage, particularly in yellow-feathered broiler breeds.
3. Improved Air Quality in Poultry Houses
LED-lit poultry houses exhibit significantly lower levels of ammonia, dust, and microbial concentrations compared with houses using traditional lighting systems.
4. Improved Meat-to-Feed Ratio
By regulating circadian rhythms and endocrine activity, optimized lighting enhances feeding behavior, digestion, and growth efficiency, thereby improving the overall meat-to-feed ratio of the flock.
Four Key Benefits of Scientific Lighting in Layer Production
1. Enhanced Egg Production Performance
LED lighting with optimized spectra (especially red-enriched light) significantly increases laying rate compared with conventional lighting. Precise lighting management allows control of the onset of lay and promotes an earlier and more stable production peak.
2. Improved Egg Quality
Lighting spectra specifically designed for layers significantly enhance eggshell strength and yolk height. Improved shell quality reduces breakage during cage rolling, transport, and storage.
3. Significant Reduction in Feather and Vent Pecking
Warm white light or spectra containing a specific proportion of red light effectively reduce pecking behavior and cannibalism, contributing to lower mortality rates.
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4. Synchronized Sexual Maturity
Uniform lighting distribution ensures synchronized growth and sexual maturity across the flock, improving overall production consistency.
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Lighting Management Requirements
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Lighting Management Requirements for Laying Hens
1). Light Intensity:
Brooding period (0–6 weeks): 20–30 lux
(Ensures feed and water intake; prevents premature sexual maturity)
2). Rearing period (7–20 weeks): 5–10 lux
(Promotes structural development while strictly controlling sexual maturity)
3). Laying period (21 weeks–depopulation): 10–20 lux
(Stimulates and maintains high egg production performance)
Lighting Management Requirements for Broilers
1). Light Intensity:
a. Brooding period (0–7 days): 20–30 lux (Stimulates activity and feed intake)
b. Growing period (8–21 days): 10–20 lux (Balances growth and energy consumption)
c. Finishing period (22 days–market): 5–10 lux (Reduces activity and promotes weight gain)
2). Photoperiod:
a. Brooding period: 23 hours of light + 1 hour of darkness (Adaptation to high-light environments)
b. Growing period: Gradually reduced to 18 hours of light (Simulates natural circadian rhythms)
c. Finishing period: Intermittent lighting (e.g., 1 hour light + 3 hours dark to reduce energy consumption and improve FCR)
Intelligent Lighting Parameters for Broilers
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